Dynamo-electric machine.



L. W. NELSON. DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE. APPLlCATlON FILED AUG.14. 1914.

1,276,682. v Patented Aug. 20, 1918.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

[Ra 612E? 7 viz 5556535 5 1 77722 5507? L. W. NELSON.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINEI APPLICATION FILED AUG. 14, 1914.

1,276,682. Patented .20, 1918.

35H SHEET 3- qwliwi "fi mwcrm UNITED STATES PATENT onrron.

ILEWIs w. mason, or NIAGARA FALLS, NEW yonmnssmu'omiir m nu hssiem' MENTS, TO. U. s. LIGHT & HEAT conronnrron, or NIAGARA rants, new Your, 1.

coaronarrou or NEW YORK.

DYNAMO-ELECTRIG MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Aug, 20,1918,

Application filed August 14, 1914. Serial m. 858,805.

T all whom it may concern Be it known that LLnwIs W. NELSON, a

; citizen ,of the United States, residing at Niagara Falls, in the county of Niagara and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Dynamo- Electric Machines,of which the following is a.

- full, clear, concise, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawing forming a part of this specification.

his invention relates to dynamo-electric machines. It is particularly applicable to dynamo-electric machine which is adapted tobe employed-in an automobile starting and lightingsystem, and which serves as a motor to start the engine and then as a generator'to furnish current to charge a storage battery and light lamps.

Theinvention will be explained by reference to a dynamo electric machine which has its armature directly connected to the engine shaft to serve as a fly-wheel, but it will be understood that it may be embodied in various other dynamo-electric machines. For'convenience, the dynamo-electric machine will hereafter be designated either a motor or a 'generator according to the. functions it performs under the conditions that obtain at the time. V

A-storage battery furnishes the current to run the motor. It also furnishes current to operate the lamps when the generator is inactive. To start the engine a starting switch is closed to supply current from the battery to the motor. Then the starting switch is opened and the motor becomes a generation-it being driven by the engine, and "when it attains sufficient speed tokdevelop "a predetermined volt-age an au tomatic switch closes through which cur rent is supplied. to charge the battery and light the lamps. Y j

vItfis required that provision be made to keefith'e output of the generator within certainf limitsi' a's otherwise the battery would" be subject to ali-ibllOllilal curcnt, and to this end-"an automatic regulator has been employedto regulatethe current the gen orator. field Anobjectofthe present invention is to provide a'generator which will inherently produce the proper current for the battery.

' generator :rent at the brushesof the generator.

erator will inherently produce theproper current for the battery.

In accordance with this invention,-- the:

a generator has 3 dynamo-electric machine as :1- held windlng and an armature Twinding.

The field winding produces thefj field flux The armature winding magneto-motive force set up -hyfthe' field produces a magneto P motive force which, according to" varying electrical conditions, assrstsorhpposesthe winding. The effect of thisma'gneto-motive force in the armature is to. so control the resultant field strength aste maintain the voltage across the generati'ng brushes of the machine at such a valuefthata proper current for the battery maintained; notwi-thstanding the variations iii-speed at which-' the armature is rotated To this end means are provided whereby- 75.

the armature turns are given a value sulficient to vary the resultant field flux to .keep the current within the proper limits, and so far in the practice of this invention; the armature magneto-motive ,forcehas been versely to. the variations in speed.

made great enough to vary the-field flux in- "When the dynamo-electric machine is to be used as a starter, it is designed to produce a high torque as a motonand provision '85 is made, as above explained; to keepthe;

current within the proper limits when it operates as a generator. Other points aboutthis invention will hereinafter "be" brought;

out. 7

A dynamo-electric machine; embodying this invention will now be explained in de tail. V

The views in the" drawings areas follows:

Figure 1 is a diagram of the automobileii starting and lighting system.

Fig. 2 is a simplified diagram'of'the active I portion of the inachlne 1 shownan 1g. 1. I l at Fig. 3 is a chart of the distribution of our- Figs. 4 to 8 illustrate diagrammatically the current direction and value in the sectionsof the armature at {various speeds.

Figs. 9, l0 and 1; illustrate pictorially the current values in the sections of the armature at various speeds.

The starting and lighting system has a dynamo-electric machine 1, a starting switch 2, an automatic switch 3, a'storage battery 4, and lamps or other translating devices 5.

The dynamo electric machine has a ,Gramme ring armature 6, which is carried on the engine shaft to serve as the fly-wheel.

- ings 21. The armature is arranged outsidethe field and rotates around the same.

Four positive brushes, 7, 8, 9 and 10, and four negative brushes, 11, 12, 13, 14, ar'eemployed. The three positive brushes, 7 8, 9,

are electrically connected together by abus ring or conductor 15. The remaining positive brush 10 is not connected to the con ductor 15. The negative brushes'll, 12, are connected together by bus ring or. conductor 16, while the two remaining negative brushes 13 14, are also connected together by'a bus ring or conductor 17.

The .field has eight poles, one pole 18 being provided with a shunt winding 19, while the remaining seven poles 20 have-series wind- The starting switch has three contacts 22 adapted to be connected together by a bridging contact 24...:1da1pted 30 23 and two additional contacts tobe connected together by a U ThecontactS 22 are connected respectively to the bus "ring or conductor 15, the brush 10- and the positive bria i'ifg' contac 25.

battery terminal, while theoontacts 24 are.

connected respectively to the conductors 16 and 17. r The automatic switch 3 is arranged between the generator and battery. It has a pair of contacts 26 and a bridging contact 27. The bridging contact is operated electromagnetically by a lifting coil 28, con} nected across the generator terminals and a holding coil 29, connected in series between the generator and battery when the switch closes. The lifting coil closes theswitch when the generator the battery voltage and the holding coil assists to keep the switch closed. When the voltage of the generator falls below the battery voltage, the battery discharges through the holding coil. This causes the holding coil polarity to reverse so that it opposes the lifting C01l and causes the switch voltage substantially bus conductor 15 and the positive brushes 7, 8, 9. This current flows through the armature to the negative brushes. That portion returning through the brushes 13, 14, flows through conductors 17, 33, starting switch contacts 24, 25, and the conductor 34 to conductor 16, where it joins current from the brushes l1. and 12 and passesthrough the series field windings 21 and conductor 35, back to the battery. The shunt field winding 19 is also energized by current flowing from brush 10 to brush 11.

The current from the battery thus ener: gizes the shunt and series field windings which produce a strong field, and the 'armature winding is subjected to the full battery voltage. Consequently, a motor of high torque is provided for starting the engine.

hen the engine has started, the starting switch is opened and the positive brushes 7, 8', 9, are disconnected from positive brush 10 and negative brushes 13, 14, are disconnected from negative brushes 11, 12. The single:

positive brush 10 and the adjacent negative brushes 11, 12', supply current to the shunt 'field winding 19.

Before the automatic switch closes, the only current supplied by the generator is the small amount necessary to energize the shunt field. Thus the generator starts practically without load and its voltage rapidlybuilds up'until, at a redetermined voltage,

the automatic switc'H'connects it"toth bat te'ry and lamps.

.The generator so operates under varying speed conditions that it inherently maintains a proper current for thebattery throughout the imposed variations-in speed.

The principle upon which the generator '0 erates to obtain this 'result will be ez'c plained by reference to the circuit diagrams and pictorial representations in Figs, 3 to 11. These figures represent actual conditions in a generator having a Grammewound armature similar to that illustrated in Fig. 1.

It willbe sufiicient to consider only the portions of the machine illustrated in Fig. 2 in explaining the theory upon which the generator operates, inasmuch as only' the portion of the armature and field therein illustrated, and only brushes 10, 11 and 12 are utilized in generating.

Itmay be assumed that the active generator section of the machine has eight armature coils betweeneach pair of brushes, each coil having twenty-one turns. Consequently, there are one hundred and sixty-eight active turns between the brushes. The shunt field is provided with sutficient turns to give approximately twelve hundred (1200) ampere turns at twelve (12) volts. This machine generates approximately twelve (12) volts at three hundred (300) revolutions per mati c switch will connectfthe; generator flux fdecifeasesk' its a result,- roper-battery chill'ging fq rrent is maintained "over a wid e2" speed range. I This result is obtained through p electro-motive forces will be developed a 10 the'deinagnetfiing {force which the magnetomotive forceof"theannature-ererts on t'he- Th vary he ratio between the armature and tlie ffield turns so that a' current bf ;p mpe characteristicsitosuit the battery may tained.

Fg. ashdwfs' value and direction of current through the three generator thrpugheutfan armature speed range moo-RP. M

s1 ve current values and those indicating negative values.

bis'i a speed: at the automatic switch closes. Thediagrama Figs. 4 and 5," illustrate the circuit gconditionsexisting before the auto- ,rnatic,.switch closes and the diagrams, Flgs. 1

. 6,, 7' and :8, and "thefpictorial representations,

Figs;l9, 1O and,11 15epmnt the circuit 'conditions" at armaturefspeeds'respectively of 300,370 and 7OQ R'. P M; In these diagrams the plain rrdws indicate the, direction of ""electro motive force and the-feathered arrows indicatethelldirection of current. The three 12representthe hree brushes similarly designated: on Figs} and 2.

These. diagrams show that the currents circulating;in thegarmature winding between brushes l-l ,and 1 2,d irectly1control the value of the current-output deliveredflto the ex- ;ternal .ClI"Cl 1i i;-,- th1f( )l 1gh positive brush 10. Re ierelicewill be made to the Well-known -:moti-ve Eforces inamclosed circuit equals zero. ;:,-Alsoi t is understood that the electromotive forces developed by a currentflowing throngh imresistance" is a counter-electromotive; force; which opposes ,the; electro- 9; motil'veeforce .twhighgoauses the current flow. "E IRQfGI'I'IiIIgTTDOW- tQ Fig A, it-may be as- ;lthatz-thernorth, pole; 18, carrying the ;'-;v%zind,'1,;ng-1f9, excited from a separate source and that the external circuits leading rramahe brushes. 10; are; dpenSI The flux emanating: =from- ..theiznonthzs iolead 1 *willdivide in 'cthe armature: core-"palityrebattery-' at approximately three hundred (300)REPL1M!" Whenthespeed rises-above "three hundred (300)" RP. M;, the activeifield'f reluctance 5 over-..-all :theqpoles r'is: iuni form These south ults Bbtained may vb; varied by The ordinates peresftho'se above the zero line represent revolutions per; mi ute? The. a scis M1300 represents the brush 12, which is connected withj bib If turning through the southipole-gonthflei hand, I? a and an; @equal t-t-ramountrrc returning through thesouthipoleromtheirightsince th I poles are thereforeiconsequentie poles. When the armature is-..-rotated,

the armature. The eletro-motive'force ide-t v veloped in} the armature:winding??between brushes '10'and' 11 willb'e double the electromotive. force developed thewinding b'e-i tween brushes 10'and 12, sincetwice' the amount of flux flows from pole'-18;as returns1f80 through either one oftheadjacent poles 20: At. a certain definite speed,- therefore,n the condition illustratedby'Fig; kwill' exist; It 5" is assumed in this figure-'thatthe brushes 11f 31 and 12 are not' connected.' If the s eee be-ss such that 12 volts are induced in the"wind= 1 ing which terminates inbrushe's 1'0 and 11,

' then 6 Volts will 'be developed inthe windmgs terminating'in brushes 1-0"a'n'cl':12 and I these 'electro-motive fQrces'being' m' op o'sr:

tion' will give a resultant electro-motive force of 6 volts across brushes jl'l and ll2-if Ifnow the brushes 1'1' and l2be co nected?" w by the conductor 16, which is a "continuous conductor having a negligible resistance, current will flow around the circuit'thus completed, as indicated in Fig." '5.',""-It' is as'- sumed' that the armaturewiniilings betweenf' each pair of brushes have a 'res istanc'e'oftwo' tenths 5) ohms so that, negl cting theef 5 fects ofthe armature current an; means;

the 6 volts available would'c'aus'e' a earl est of 15,amperes to circulatefin the, arina windings, since these winding'stogether-ha e a resistance of four-tenths (if) ohilisi' This current of 15 amperes will dead-615a drop, of 6 volts or 3' volts 'in'eithern fthe armature winding. The "right hand ha of the armature winding' termina 'n'g' brushes 10' and 11, isjthe predeinieatifi'gjsource of electro-motiveiforcef, and therefore the voltage due to the resistancefdi opin this section, will be 'in opposition to'g the n duced voltage, while in the lefthand ing, the voltage. due to thefresi'st'ancefdrofi will be added to the inducedvoltage;T v There fore, the voltage across brushes 10 and '11 or 10 and '12 will, under these conditions, be? volts The current flowslfrom' brush throughthe armature winding-and leaves by the conductor 16 having practically resistance, and this current therefore; er a magnetizing efl ect,"tendingtofdirect the flux to thefleft, thatisfthe current through" f the armature winding exerts a magnetizing; force in a ,direction -tending v to cajisjef th magnetic flux to flow throughtlien0rtlfp the induced electro-motiv drop. At a circulating value sufficient to d which, when adde the voltage ind bring about th voltages.

From Fig. 5 order to develop a generator v of a 12-volt battery, rator must be increase the circulating Current an I 18 and the left hand south divert flux from the right The relative turns in that the ampere turns,

rough the arm eed in value the amp flowing th greatly exc initially pro around the pole 18.

'Since'the bru connected, the e across the brushe magnetic flux which is action o and the current winding in t 11 to brush laws that the across the brushes 10 an must exactly equal the opp tive force across brushes electro-motive force across brushes is necessarily the al electro-motive ing that the gene to raise fore, the develope one-third per ce shown in thefigure. tain 12 -'V0lts across amperes must circula 16 vol terminating in volts will be opposed by drop of 4 volts. due to th ing through tive '12 volt brushes 10 and 11. Fig. 6 indlcat the circuits at th voltage across the bru that across-the battery, switch closes.

. shunt field winding 1 across'the positive tive brushes 11 and 12.v

11y connected by be considered as co cross the brushes exac at of the battery,

through the battery,

the brushes. due to the increased current through these he right hand windings, would exceed 12 volts which, as

' g, 5-arr'1peres of which is already explained, is an impossibility. Also being ele 1.6, may voltage a opposes th .at this time flow though with this 12 v 20 amperes ar armature win f the shuntwindin'g traversing th tion flowing 12. It follows electro-motive d 12 at anyinstant, battery terminals,-

osing electro-motions of speed of the armature..- The cur- 10 and 11. The rent delivered by the generator will, of either pair of course, increase with increase in speed and gebraic sum of the voltage induced inthe armature windforce and the ing will increase, but this increase of ine force due to.-the resistance duced voltage will be counteracted by the in.- erefore, the current creased voltage due to the resistance drop, dings will have a .so that the algebraic sum of the voltages tage drop effective across the brushes will, at all times,

ny instant, th in these win evelop a vol I subtracted from represent the battery voltage. For the purd in either winding, will pose of explaining the theory of operation, e necessary equalization. of it is assumed that the battery voltage rets must be induce brushes 10 and 1 the. windings, so t s will be obtaine e instant that pole, and tends to furnished to the. shunt field while 15 amhand south pole. peres flowin the left hand Winding.

chine are such condition is graphically represented in Fig. due! to the current 3, fromwhich it will ,be noted that at 300 ature winding, R. P. M. a current of 15 amperes flows ere turns through brush 12, a current of 20 amperes duced by the shunt winding 19 throu h brush 11, while a current of 5 amperes 'flows'from brush 10 which represents 11 a'nd12 a'redirectly tli e 5 amperes flowing to the shunt field fiectlve voltage developed w nding 18. At this speed of 300 R. P. M s will be a function of the no current flows to the battery.

produced by the joint After the automatic SWltCll closes and conon the pole 18 nects the battery across the generator e armature brushes, the battery becomes the controlling notwithstanding variamains constant at 12 volts, and that the init will be apparent that in ternal resistance of the battery and that of oltage equalthe conductors leading thereto, are negligithe s eed of ble. This assumptionis reasonable, since the d su ciently resistance of the battery and its connecd, there- .tions, when compared with theinternal .re-' d voltage thirty-three and. sistance of the armature windings in this t. higher than the value machine, is actually a negligible quantity. In other words, to ob- V. Fig. 9 represents pictorially the-condibrushes 19 and 11, 20 'tions diagrammatically represented in Fig. te in the armature and 6. The current values in the respective ard in the winding mature sections are indicated approximately 1. -These,16 by the relative thickness of the lines, and the internal voltage the current direction in each armature-sece 20 amperes' flowtion is indicated by the arrow-heads.

hat the efiec- Since, therefore, as above explained, the d across the voltage across brushes 10 and 11 and 10 and 12 cannot with speed increase'exceed the 8 are directly connected voltage across the brushes is ust equal. It brush 10 and the negais obvious that increase of speed must be ac- Brushes 11 and 12, companied by an increase of voltage induced the conductor within the armature winding, but the cir- As the 'culating current flowing through the armatly equals and ture winding in the direction from brush 11 no current will to brush 12 cannot increase,as otherwise the alsum of the induced voltage and the drop;

the conditions existing in '12 volts existing across the battery, it rethe effective mains to consider what changes are efiected tly equals .in circuit conditions when the speedrises and the automatic 1 above 300 R. P. M., at which point, asshown e battery and the, in Fig. 6 the battery voltage and the 'f 971 l jvd gedrop add together a therefore, if the current ,"section should increase,

and 12w6uld'ekeed 12"'volts, which is an impossibility. The only possible result, therefore, of an'inc'rease of armature speed,

is to cause the left hand armature section to supply current to the externalcircuit. Due to .the relative number ,of field and armature turns whichthis machine has, the

armature conductors exert "a magnetizing effect almost' four times as great as that parted by the shunt winding 18. Therefore, a slight reduction armature current, under :the conditions illustrated in Fig. '6, greatly influences 'thevalue of the effective, flux whichproduces the electro-motive force; The reduction'in voltage, due to the reduced 4 current in the armature when the automatic BTQT P between brushes 10. and '12 drops to zero,

switch closes, is such that" the current in the'xleft hand section between brushes 1O and12rapidly drops to zero upon a slight. increase in speed. This is illustrated in'Fig.

3, which indicates that at approximately M. the current in'the armature while current betweeu brushe's 10 and 11' drops to twelve and a half amperes. This twelve "and a halflamperes is 'divided,;5 amperes flowing to the shunt field and 7;- amperes flowing to the battery. This con'- ,dition is illustrated diagrammatically in;

' Figl'l'fand the currentvalues are-pictorially illustrated in Fig. 10. It will be seen, therefore, that upon an increase of only" "R. P. M. above the critical speed, the decided reduction in current circulating n the arma ture windings between brushes 11. and 12 brings about sucha decided reduction in the.

efiective'flux that the electro-motive force;

induced in the righthand half of the arma ture winding actually decreases in value; At a speed of 370 R. P. M; therefore, the effective flux is' of such avalue that the electromotive force induced in the left hand'armature winding just equals that of the battery and therefore no" current flows in this section, whne in, 'theright hand section of the armature which is'fstill the source ofpre dominating voltage, 121} 'amperes' are flowing. Thel'2 volts across the brushes l0 and 11 is now "the resultant of an induced voltage a of 14}, vless 2v 1ts representing the resistance drop. Further increase speed: must, of course, be accompanied by an 1ncrease '-1I1 the s 'voltagef c ss- 1 7 shunt winding-1810i thefield as the sp d n Set 0i p m @Iei us ,.speed has increased'itofl00lR ,2P, speed'the current in the-leftjhand' reversed in direction and as fcurrent in the right hand wijndln armature, winding reduces substantially "chine is wholly under controlfof Lithe' "fun; doubled-Pole P h beWeenbfii'sheS pole to the'right of the-excned'pnle I hre l 39 hand winding will decrease? h .m otive force): either left ha: winding therefore, will be] d tlOli t0 th ma'gfieto motive nd with 6" reduced gneil mot" force "due to. the :"falling foflf off a the right an a m re w edii ei a furthen'decidedreductioninlth 4 lie r 8 and 11, in whieh'f it is assume winding between 'brushes '10] d dicate b brushes 1O and ll has valuelof' a" peres, or just sufli'cieiit' ,to, furnish thefsh untglfield excitation, and the" total'.,"current of .12 amperes enteringthe battery by the left hand armature Wllidingf'whidh" now the "predominating seawater "let 0- motive force. o 1 I At speeds higher than 700 B,

lefthand armaturegwinding furnish Fig. 3, has a value-of 12galnperes rent to: the battery addition] supplying4the shunt fieldjw'i-nd'in y 1700' R. P.'M. the current the right han' zero, 1 ,c

a ,From these'hurve's and diagrams,- it is ap parent that the output delivered bythi number of armatureturns} embracing termed the 'lleading pole- 9f Ihe therefore, is said to. occupy a trail" tion with reference-tothe Any pole; of the m chine may e as the generating pole, but jitiis'prefera employ the one on 'the otters;

as by this selection the magnetic attraction tends-to lift the armature and counter-acts the effect of/its weight on its bearings.

It is obvious that theprinciples herein described may be employed ,in other types of machines andthat by varying the relative number'o'f turns, curr'e t characteristics may be obtained to meet various conditions of service. These and other changes may be made without departing 'from the invention as'iset forth in the claims.

.Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters. Patent of the United States is:

1...'Afdynamoeelectric machine adapted to operate as a motor was a generator, said machin'ehaving a field structure and a single rotatable ring wound armature, means for utilizing the'e'ntire ari'nature and field structure when operating as a motor to obtain a motor of high torque, and means whereby only a portion of said armature is utilized when operating as a generator, whereby a generator of limited capacity is obtained.

2. A dynamo-electric machine'adapted to operate asa; motoraor'as a generator, said machinehaving a field structure and a single rotatable ring Wound armature, means for utilizing the entire. armature and field structure when operating as a" motor to obtain a motor of high; torque, and means whereby only a portion of the armature is utilized in generating, whereby aigenerator of, limited capacity is obtained. I, 4

A dynamo-electricmachine adapted to operate as a motor or as a generator, said machine having a field structure and a rotatable armature, means for utilizing the entirearmature and field structure when operating as a motor 'to'obtain a motor of high torque, means whereby onlya orti'on of the armature is utilized in genera i'ng, whereby a nerator of limited capacity is obtained, an means for causing armature reaction to change the distribution of current in said active portion of the armature whereby the active field flux of the generator is limited.

4. A dynamo-electric machine adapted to' operate as a motor and as a generator, said machine having a multi-polar field structure,

a majority of the field poles being excited by series coils and field poles being excited by shunt coils, an armature, means whereby the entire field structure and armature are active when the machine is operating as a motor, whereby a relatively high torque is obtained, and means whereby only a portion of the armature within the influence of the shunt excited poles 'is utilized when the machine operates as a generator, whereby a generator of limited capacity is obtained.

5. A dyna'mo-v lectric machine adapted to operate as a motor and as a generator, said .bution of current wound armature, negative brushes equally spaced with respect a'small proportion of the ed capacity is obtained, and means for causing armature reaction to change the distriin said-active portion of the armature whereby the effective field flux of the machine is controlled.

6Q In a starting and lighting system for automobiles, a multi-polar dynamo-electric machine adapted to operate as a motor or :1 generator, said machine having a ringa plurality of positive and to each other and to the polesof said machine, a storage battery, a starting switch for energizing the field and armature from said battery to operate said machine as a motor, said switch also disconnecting a plurality'of. said brushes whereby the current in said armature is concentrated in a restricted section thereof when the machine operates as a generator.

7. A dynamo-electric machine adapted to operate as a' motor and as a generator, said machine having a multi-polar field structure, a. majority of the field poles being excited by series coils and a small proportion of the field poles being excited by shunt coils, an armature, means whereby the entire field structure and armature are active-when the machine is operating as a motor, whereby a relatively high torque is obtained,

means whereby only a portion ofthe armature within the influence of the shunt excitedpoles is utilized when the machine opcrates a a generator, whereby a generator of limited capacity is obtained, and a number of connected brushes spaced to embrace the active portion of the armature, whereby the armature reaction in the active portion of the armature is increased to. limit the effective field flux.

8. An automobile starting and lighting system including a dynamo-electric machine having a ring wound armature, a plurality of field poles including a shunt wound pole, brushes corresponding in number to the field poles, connections whereby all of said brushes are active when the machine operates as a motor and connections whereby only a portion of said brushes adjacent the shunt-excited pole are active when the machine acts as a generator.

9. In a starting and fighting system for el tcmob s, "dy fl n fiqili machin Hinder predetermined conditions, a storage 6 at r a starti switc t wn t b t r t the mwhine-1= 0p at h i chine asa motor, saidswitch also disconnecting part, of the electrical circuits of said dynamo-electric. machine when the; machine lo joperates asa generator, said. machine being provided with means for causing armature reaction .to change'the distribution of curent in the remaining electrical circuits of said machineto 6 a d,ma h ne--- i .i J 10.: a'starting and lighting system for 3 automobiles, a, -dynamo-electric machine adapted to; operate as"; the starting motor,

said machine also operating as a generator under predetermined conditions, a storage battery, a starting switch to connect the bat tery to, thegmachine to operate the machine asja motor,fsaid machine. when operating as a generatorhaving a -field pole provided 2, ,,with ashunt.winding a leading pole and a tr ailing v pole on either .side of said ener- 1 -gizedi pole, -,three brushes equally spaced apart, twoaof said brushes being arranged on opposite sides ot said energized pole, and

the third brush being arrangediin trailing j j-relationpto i said trailing pole, said third ,brush-"being electrically connected to the moreremote ofsaid two first brushes, and

-means-for connecting said "brushes 'to said battery 7 under predetermined conditions.

.=:11.- vIn an electric starter of the class deiscribed, a multi-polar dynamo-electric machine povidedvwith an armature and field,

. meanswhereby the entire electric and magnetic' capacitieslof'said field and armature 7 are, utilized when said machine operates as f a motor absorbing electric energy, and means Whe reby a fractional. portion of the mag- -net ic-and electric capacities of said armature and, field are utilized when said ma 3 chine operates asa-genera'tor absorbing-mechanical poweriwhereby the current in the armature is concentrated in such fractional portion of said armature;

12. A dynamo-electric machine provided with za field pole,[an exciting coil thereon, a leading pole and a trailing pole adjacent to the excited pole andsymmetrically arranged on either side thereof, a ring wound armature" cooperating with said poles, three brushes uniformly spaced, one located between the leading pole and the excited pole,

a second located etween the excited pole and the trailing pole, and the third in a 6 trailing position with reference to the trailing pole, and an electrical connection between the first and third brushes.

13. An automobile starting and lighting system including a dynamo-electric machine tes-es. a igmote s,

limitthe active field flux of ,7 cha ities s ng im ndarmatur p ur ity ap ed-i9 o er eias.th tar n imoto fi eai ltm l l a so eopei'et ng as a ne a b .po esn-ac nh t-ion .ibr sh h ntarou q p91 0 brushesno espnndi g a. portion ofsaid bruslies adjacent the-shunt excited pole are active whenf ethe machine acts as agenerato ytand. means creating a large armature reaction in the portion of the; armature embraced between" the ,active brushes in generating, whereby the output vof theigenerator isicontrolledp v,

14. V In a starting andlighting system for automobiles, I adapted to operate as a startingmotor and as ageneratolythe armature of saidfma c'hine' wound, said machine when .operbeing ring I generator having one fieldpole ating as a of one polarity and two; polesof opposite polarity and having three brushes, abrush being arranged between the first pole-and each of the other poles and the third bi'ush being arranged on the opposite side of one of said second poles, and an electrical con-,

nection between said. last mentioned brush and the brush oii the opposite side [of said first pole. v 15; In a variable speed-generator," an energi zed field pole, a.'ring wound armature providmg two paths for the flux emanating from said pole and three brushes, a,,pair of said brushes embracing between them 'a section of the armature in 'whichthe total. flux flows and a pair of said brushes embracing between them 'as'e'ction of) the armature in which" only a portion of said flux flows, one

i of said brushes being common to each pair.

and an electrical connection between the brushes which are not common to said pairs.

16.,A dynamo-electric machine havinga single armature winding, said machine being adapted to operate as a motor'or as a generator, said machine when acting as a motor employing the entire field and armature structures to produce a motorof high torque,'and means for confining the geherating portion of said armature windings to a relatively small section thereof when the machine acts as afgenerator.

17, .A dynamo-electric machine adapted to operate as a motor or as ageneratorysaid machine when acting as amotor employing the entire field and armature structuresfto produce a motor of high torque, means for confining the generating portion of the armature to a relatively small portion thereof when the machine acts as a generator, and means for increasing the armature reaction in the entire active portion of the armature, whereby the output of the machine is controlled.

18. A method of operating a dynamo-electri'c machine capable of operating as a motor a dynamo-electric mach inei;

tion in said active portion, whereby the effective field flux of the machine is controlled.

19. A single unit automobile starter and lighter including a dynamo-electric machine having a ringwound armature and a field structure including a plurality of series excited poles and a shunt excited pole, means for utilizing only a relatively small portion of the armature adjacent the shunt excited pole in generating, and connections causing a relatively great armature reaction in said active portion of the armature to assist the flux from said shunt'excited' pole under certain conditions of operation and to oppose said .flux under other conditions of operation,whereby the output of 1 connecting said brushes and adapted to L q the generator is limited.

20. A dynamo having a ring wound armature, a plurality of series wound poles, a cooperating field pole provided with shunt field winding, a pair of said field poles on opposite sides of said shunt wound pole being adapted to become consequent poles, whereby armature current will affect the distribution of flux through said consequent poles for regulating purposes.

21. A multipolar dynamolectric machine adapted to operate as a motor and also as a generator, one of its poles being provided. with a shunt winding, the two adjacent poles being adapted, under generating conditions,-

to become consequent poles, whereby armature cross flux will affect the distributionof flux through said consequent poles tomaintain a substantially constant generator current throughout-wide speed changes.

22. A multipolar dynamo-electric machine I adapted to operate as a motor and also as a 5 generator, said machine being provided with an armature and field poles, one of said poles being provided with a shunt field winding, the two adjacent poles being adapted to become magnetized from said first mentioned pole and said armature under generating conditions, whereby opposing E. M. Fs are set up in said armature, a pair of brushes cooperating with said armature, said brushes-- being connected by a conductor to supply one generator lead, said brushes being located to embrace the armature conductors poles will set up opposing E.

DG SSQS.

directly influenced by said shunt wound I pole and one of said adjacent poles, and a third brush placed between said first named brushes to supply the other generatorlead, whereby a substantially constant current is maintained throughout wide speed ranges.

23. A multipolar dynammelectric machine having a shunt winding on one pole and a consequent poles, a ring wound armature associated with said poles whereby said. shunt wound pole and one of said consequent M. Fs in the adapted to render the two adjacent poies armature code directly associated therewith brushes embracing said coils,- a conductor ply a generator lead, and third brush intermediate the first two brushes, adapted. to

supply the other generator lead.

24. A dynamo-electric machine having a plurality of series wound. poles and a shunt ,wound pole, a pair of said series wound poles being arranged on opposite sides thereo i and adapted to be magnetized. therefrom, where by to become consequent poles, and a "ring wound armature of which said pair of poles embrace only a relatively small part whereby the field flux will be concentrated in only 1 of said series wound poles embracing said shunt/wound pole and being adapted to be influenced by said shunt wound pole to be; i

coine consequent poles during generating conditions, an armature associated with said poles adapted to set up a flux to vary the distribution of flux through said consequent poles and also to affect the flux through said shunt wound pole for the purpose specified.

In witness whereofll have hereunto subscribed my name in the presence of two wits LEWIS W. NELSON.

Witnesses: I-

WM. A. TURBAYNE,

R. H. VAN Nns'r. 

